Trachoma

Trachoma is a blinding disease caused by particular strains of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma is an infectious eye disease that can lead to blindness if left untreated. It is closely linked to poor sanitary conditions and is most prevalent in underserved rural communities. Effective control and prevention strategies include antibiotic treatment, surgery for advanced cases, and broader improvements in hygiene and sanitation.

Causative Agent: Trachoma is caused by certain serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium that infects the conjunctiva of the eye.

Transmission: The infection is transmitted through direct contact with the eyes, eyelids, and nose or throat secretions of affected individuals. It can also be spread by flies that have come into contact with these secretions. Indirect transmission can occur through contaminated items like towels or washcloths.

Symptoms and Progression: The initial symptoms include irritation in the eyes and discharge. Repeated infections, common in endemic areas, lead to scarring of the conjunctiva. This scarring can cause the eyelids to turn inward (trichiasis), forcing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea, which is painful and can lead to corneal opacity and irreversible blindness.

Epidemiology: Trachoma is predominantly found in impoverished rural areas of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. It is associated with poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, and limited access to water and sanitation facilities.

Prevention and Control: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the SAFE strategy for trachoma control: Surgery for trichiasis, Antibiotics to clear infection, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement to reduce transmission. Community education and improved living conditions are critical in prevention efforts.

Treatment: The primary treatment for active trachoma infection is the antibiotic azithromycin, which is effective in clearing the infection. For advanced cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct trichiasis and prevent blindness.

Global Health Initiatives: Trachoma is a target of global health initiatives aiming to eliminate it as a public health problem. These efforts involve mass drug administration campaigns, surgeries for trichiasis, improvements in community hygiene, and environmental sanitation.

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Region Location Program stage Years Portrait PDFs Landscape PDFs Data
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Senegal MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Central African Republic MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Central African Republic Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Burundi Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mali MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Senegal Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Algeria Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Algeria MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Cameroon Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Kenya MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Cameroon MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Central African Republic MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Senegal MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mali MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Algeria MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Chad MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Burundi MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Kenya MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Chad MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Burundi MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Burundi Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Burundi Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf

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