Trachoma

Trachoma is a blinding disease caused by particular strains of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma is an infectious eye disease that can lead to blindness if left untreated. It is closely linked to poor sanitary conditions and is most prevalent in underserved rural communities. Effective control and prevention strategies include antibiotic treatment, surgery for advanced cases, and broader improvements in hygiene and sanitation.

Causative Agent: Trachoma is caused by certain serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium that infects the conjunctiva of the eye.

Transmission: The infection is transmitted through direct contact with the eyes, eyelids, and nose or throat secretions of affected individuals. It can also be spread by flies that have come into contact with these secretions. Indirect transmission can occur through contaminated items like towels or washcloths.

Symptoms and Progression: The initial symptoms include irritation in the eyes and discharge. Repeated infections, common in endemic areas, lead to scarring of the conjunctiva. This scarring can cause the eyelids to turn inward (trichiasis), forcing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea, which is painful and can lead to corneal opacity and irreversible blindness.

Epidemiology: Trachoma is predominantly found in impoverished rural areas of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. It is associated with poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, and limited access to water and sanitation facilities.

Prevention and Control: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the SAFE strategy for trachoma control: Surgery for trichiasis, Antibiotics to clear infection, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement to reduce transmission. Community education and improved living conditions are critical in prevention efforts.

Treatment: The primary treatment for active trachoma infection is the antibiotic azithromycin, which is effective in clearing the infection. For advanced cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct trichiasis and prevent blindness.

Global Health Initiatives: Trachoma is a target of global health initiatives aiming to eliminate it as a public health problem. These efforts involve mass drug administration campaigns, surgeries for trichiasis, improvements in community hygiene, and environmental sanitation.

108 maps found/sites/default/files/upload/ESPEN_NTD_Data_Dictionary.xlsx
Region Program stage Yearssort ascending Portrait PDFs Landscape PDFs Data
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity (TT) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity (TF) 2019 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity (TT) 2018 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity (TF) 2017 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2017 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity (TF) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2017 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity (TT) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity (TT) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity (TF) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity (TT) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TF) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TT) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TT) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity (TT) 2017 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity (TT) 2016 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity (TT) 2016 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity (TF) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity (TF) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TF) 2016 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity (TT) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity (TT) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity (TF) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TT) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TT) 2016 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity (TT) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TF) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity (TT) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity (TT) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity (TF) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity (TT) 2015 Download map png Download map png

Pages

930 maps found/sites/default/files/upload/ESPEN_NTD_Data_Dictionary.xlsx
Region Location Program stage Yearssort ascending Portrait PDFs Landscape PDFs Data
Western Africa Mauritania MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Chad MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Endemicity (TF) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia Endemicity (TF) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea Endemicity (TT) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana Endemicity (TT) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Algeria Endemicity (TF) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Endemicity (TT) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Southern Africa Mozambique MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Senegal Endemicity (TF) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Southern Africa Zimbabwe MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Cameroon Endemicity (TF) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Endemicity (TT) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Algeria MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Guinea MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Cameroon MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Nigeria MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Endemicity (TF) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Southern Africa Zimbabwe MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Algeria MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Endemicity (TF) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia Endemicity (TT) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Endemicity (TF) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Endemicity (TT) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Chad MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Kenya MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage) 2010 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf

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