Soil-transmitted helminthiasis

Soil-transmitted helminthiases are caused by parasitic worms and are widespread in areas with inadequate sanitation. They primarily affect the intestines, leading to a range of health issues, with the most severe impacts on children. Control and prevention efforts focus on improving hygiene and sanitation, as well as regular deworming treatments.

Causative Agents: The main worms causing soil-transmitted helminthiases are roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). These parasites are prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and are primarily transmitted through soil contaminated with human feces.

Transmission and Lifecycle: Infection occurs when people ingest eggs (in the case of roundworm and whipworm) or larvae (in the case of hookworms) present in contaminated soil. These can be ingested directly or through contaminated food. For hookworms, infection can also occur when larvae penetrate the skin. Once inside the body, the worms live in the intestines, mature, and reproduce, releasing their eggs or larvae in feces, which can then contaminate the soil.

Symptoms and Impact on Health: The severity of symptoms depends on the worm burden. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in stool (particularly with hookworms), malnutrition, and in severe cases, physical and cognitive growth retardation in children. Hookworms can cause chronic intestinal blood loss leading to anemia.

Epidemiology: Soil-transmitted helminthiases are among the most common infections worldwide, affecting the poorest and most deprived communities. They are particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where sanitation and hygiene are poor.

Prevention and Control: Effective prevention involves improving sanitation and hygiene practices, including the use of proper toilets and handwashing. Regular deworming through mass drug administration (MDA) in at-risk populations, especially children, is a key strategy for control.

Treatment: The treatment involves the administration of safe and effective medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, which can kill the worms. These medications are often distributed in mass deworming campaigns, particularly targeting children and women of reproductive age (15 - 49 years) in endemic areas.

Global Health Efforts: These infections are a major focus of global health initiatives aimed at reducing the burden of neglected tropical diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) and various NGOs work towards the control and elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiases through integrated measures including mass drug administration, improved sanitation, and health education.

440 maps found/sites/default/files/upload/ESPEN_NTD_Data_Dictionary.xlsx
Region Program stage Yearssort descending Portrait PDFs Landscape PDFs Data
Eastern Africa Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
Eastern Africa Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png
Central Africa Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
Eastern Africa Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png
Africa Continent Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png
Western Africa Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png
Central Africa Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png
Southern Africa Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
Africa Continent Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png
Central Africa Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png
Southern Africa Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png
Africa Continent Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png
Southern Africa Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png
Africa Continent Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
Southern Africa Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png
Eastern Africa Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png
Central Africa Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png

Pages

3745 maps found/sites/default/files/upload/ESPEN_NTD_Data_Dictionary.xlsx
Region Location Program stage Yearssort descending Portrait PDFs Landscape PDFs Data
Western Africa Algeria Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cape Verde Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Seychelles Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Eritrea Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Angola Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa eSwatini Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Botswana Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Rwanda Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Liberia Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Botswana Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Rwanda Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa South Africa Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Sao Tome & Principe Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Gabon Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Comoros Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Mauritius Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Comoros Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Madagascar Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Angola Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa eSwatini Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cape Verde Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Namibia Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Sierra Leone Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Liberia Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Sierra Leone Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mali Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Cameroon Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mali Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Cameroon Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Lesotho Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Lesotho Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Senegal Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Madagascar Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Senegal Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Namibia Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Kenya Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Seychelles Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa South Africa Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Gabon Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Liberia Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Gabon Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Central African Republic Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Equatorial Guinea Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Central African Republic Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Algeria Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Equatorial Guinea Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Burundi Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Chad Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Botswana Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Seychelles Mapping Surveys (Ascaris) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso Mapping Surveys (T. trichiura) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Rwanda Mapping Surveys (Hookworms) Download map png Download map pdf

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