Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes. Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms, transmitted through contact with contaminated freshwater. It can cause a range of chronic health problems, including damage to internal organs. Efforts to combat the disease include improving sanitation, reducing exposure to contaminated water, snail control, and mass drug administration of praziquantel.

Causative Agents: The main species causing schistosomiasis are Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum. These species vary geographically and cause different forms of the disease. In Africa, the two most prevalent species are S. mansoni and S. haematobium  

Transmission and Lifecycle: Schistosomiasis is transmitted through contact with freshwater contaminated with the larvae of the parasite, released by freshwater snails. When people swim, bathe, or wade in the water, the larvae penetrate the skin and migrate through the body to the veins around the liver or bladder, where they mature into adult worms.

Symptoms and Health Impact: Initial infection may cause a rash or itchy skin. Chronic infection can lead to various symptoms depending on the species of worm. Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum primarily affect the intestine and liver, causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and liver damage. S. haematobium primarily affects the urinary system, leading to urinary tract infections, and bladder cancer, and can cause blood in the urine.

Epidemiology: Schistosomiasis is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in poor communities without access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. It's estimated to affect millions of people worldwide.

Prevention and Control: Prevention strategies focus on reducing exposure to contaminated water, snail control, and improving sanitation and access to safe drinking water. Health education plays a critical role in prevention efforts.

Treatment: The primary treatment for schistosomiasis is praziquantel, a medication that is effective against all forms of the disease. Mass drug administration campaigns are often conducted in endemic areas to reduce the prevalence of the disease.

Global Health Initiatives: Schistosomiasis is recognized as a significant public health problem and is targeted by various global health initiatives. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other agencies aim to control and eventually eliminate the disease through integrated approaches, including treatment, improved sanitation, and snail control.

435 maps found/sites/default/files/upload/ESPEN_NTD_Data_Dictionary.xlsx
Region Program stage Yearssort descending Portrait PDFs Landscape PDFs Data
Southern Africa Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
Eastern Africa Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png
Southern Africa Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png
Western Africa Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png
Southern Africa Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png
Western Africa Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png
Africa Continent Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
Western Africa Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png
Africa Continent Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png
Eastern Africa Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
Africa Continent Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png
Eastern Africa Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2014 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent Endemicity 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa Endemicity 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa Endemicity 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa Endemicity 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2015 Download map png Download map png

Pages

3696 maps found/sites/default/files/upload/ESPEN_NTD_Data_Dictionary.xlsx
Region Location Program stage Yearssort descending Portrait PDFs Landscape PDFs Data
Western Africa Ghana Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cape Verde Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Kenya Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cape Verde Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Cameroon Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Namibia Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Cameroon Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Seychelles Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Lesotho Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Angola Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Liberia Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Botswana Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Algeria Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Comoros Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Cameroon Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Senegal Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa eSwatini Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Sao Tome & Principe Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mali Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Chad Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Burundi Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa South Africa Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Chad Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Seychelles Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Madagascar Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa eSwatini Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Equatorial Guinea Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Senegal Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Kenya Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Algeria Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Namibia Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Botswana Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Central African Republic Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Rwanda Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa South Africa Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Mauritius Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Rwanda Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Gabon Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Mauritius Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cape Verde Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Gabon Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Sierra Leone Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Liberia Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Angola Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Central African Republic Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Botswana Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Sao Tome & Principe Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Liberia Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Comoros Mapping Surveys (S. mansoni) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Namibia Mapping Surveys (S. haematobium) Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique Mapping Surveys (All species) Download map png Download map pdf

Pages

Data download

Download data dictionary