Soil-transmitted helminthiasis

Soil-transmitted helminthiases are caused by parasitic worms and are widespread in areas with inadequate sanitation. They primarily affect the intestines, leading to a range of health issues, with the most severe impacts on children. Control and prevention efforts focus on improving hygiene and sanitation, as well as regular deworming treatments.

Causative Agents: The main worms causing soil-transmitted helminthiases are roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). These parasites are prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and are primarily transmitted through soil contaminated with human feces.

Transmission and Lifecycle: Infection occurs when people ingest eggs (in the case of roundworm and whipworm) or larvae (in the case of hookworms) present in contaminated soil. These can be ingested directly or through contaminated food. For hookworms, infection can also occur when larvae penetrate the skin. Once inside the body, the worms live in the intestines, mature, and reproduce, releasing their eggs or larvae in feces, which can then contaminate the soil.

Symptoms and Impact on Health: The severity of symptoms depends on the worm burden. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in stool (particularly with hookworms), malnutrition, and in severe cases, physical and cognitive growth retardation in children. Hookworms can cause chronic intestinal blood loss leading to anemia.

Epidemiology: Soil-transmitted helminthiases are among the most common infections worldwide, affecting the poorest and most deprived communities. They are particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where sanitation and hygiene are poor.

Prevention and Control: Effective prevention involves improving sanitation and hygiene practices, including the use of proper toilets and handwashing. Regular deworming through mass drug administration (MDA) in at-risk populations, especially children, is a key strategy for control.

Treatment: The treatment involves the administration of safe and effective medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, which can kill the worms. These medications are often distributed in mass deworming campaigns, particularly targeting children and women of reproductive age (15 - 49 years) in endemic areas.

Global Health Efforts: These infections are a major focus of global health initiatives aimed at reducing the burden of neglected tropical diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) and various NGOs work towards the control and elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiases through integrated measures including mass drug administration, improved sanitation, and health education.

440 maps found/sites/default/files/upload/ESPEN_NTD_Data_Dictionary.xlsx
Region Program stage Years Portrait PDFs Landscape PDFs Data
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map png
Africa Continent MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2022 Download map png Download map png
Central Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2022 Download map png Download map png
Eastern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2022 Download map png Download map png
Southern Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2022 Download map png Download map png
Western Africa MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2022 Download map png Download map png
WHO African Region (AFRO) MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2022 Download map png Download map png

Pages

3745 maps found/sites/default/files/upload/ESPEN_NTD_Data_Dictionary.xlsx
Region Location Program stage Years Portrait PDFs Landscape PDFs Data
Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Equatorial Guinea Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa eSwatini Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Gabon Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Kenya Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Lesotho Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Liberia Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Madagascar Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mali Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Mauritius Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Namibia Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Rwanda Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Sao Tome & Principe Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Senegal Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Seychelles Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Sierra Leone Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa South Africa Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Angola Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Botswana Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cape Verde Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Chad Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Comoros Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Eritrea Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Ethiopia Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Gabon Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Liberia Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mali Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mauritania Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Mozambique Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Rwanda Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Sao Tome & Principe Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Senegal Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Sierra Leone Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Mainland) Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Togo Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zambia Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Zimbabwe Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Nigeria Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Cameroon Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Uganda Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Madagascar Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Burundi Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Central African Republic Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Equatorial Guinea Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Lesotho Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Namibia Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa South Africa Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa The Gambia Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Algeria Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa eSwatini Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Mauritius Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Seychelles Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Tanzania (Zanzibar) Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa Kenya Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Central African Republic Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Botswana Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Angola Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Benin Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Burkina Faso Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Burundi Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Chad Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Southern Africa Malawi Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Guinea-Bissau Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Liberia Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Mali Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Sao Tome & Principe Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Sierra Leone Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Ghana Endemicity 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf

Pages

Data download

Download data dictionary