Soil-transmitted helminthiasis

Soil-transmitted helminthiases are caused by parasitic worms and are widespread in areas with inadequate sanitation. They primarily affect the intestines, leading to a range of health issues, with the most severe impacts on children. Control and prevention efforts focus on improving hygiene and sanitation, as well as regular deworming treatments.

Causative Agents: The main worms causing soil-transmitted helminthiases are roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). These parasites are prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and are primarily transmitted through soil contaminated with human feces.

Transmission and Lifecycle: Infection occurs when people ingest eggs (in the case of roundworm and whipworm) or larvae (in the case of hookworms) present in contaminated soil. These can be ingested directly or through contaminated food. For hookworms, infection can also occur when larvae penetrate the skin. Once inside the body, the worms live in the intestines, mature, and reproduce, releasing their eggs or larvae in feces, which can then contaminate the soil.

Symptoms and Impact on Health: The severity of symptoms depends on the worm burden. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in stool (particularly with hookworms), malnutrition, and in severe cases, physical and cognitive growth retardation in children. Hookworms can cause chronic intestinal blood loss leading to anemia.

Epidemiology: Soil-transmitted helminthiases are among the most common infections worldwide, affecting the poorest and most deprived communities. They are particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where sanitation and hygiene are poor.

Prevention and Control: Effective prevention involves improving sanitation and hygiene practices, including the use of proper toilets and handwashing. Regular deworming through mass drug administration (MDA) in at-risk populations, especially children, is a key strategy for control.

Treatment: The treatment involves the administration of safe and effective medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, which can kill the worms. These medications are often distributed in mass deworming campaigns, particularly targeting children and women of reproductive age (15 - 49 years) in endemic areas.

Global Health Efforts: These infections are a major focus of global health initiatives aimed at reducing the burden of neglected tropical diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) and various NGOs work towards the control and elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiases through integrated measures including mass drug administration, improved sanitation, and health education.

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Eastern Africa Uganda Endemicity 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2016 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2016 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Republic of Congo Endemicity 2017 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2017 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2017 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2016 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo Endemicity 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2017 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Cote d'Ivoire MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Central Africa Republic of Congo MDA/PC coverage (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2020 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Western Africa Niger MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2022 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
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Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC rounds (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger Endemicity 2014 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC coverage (Therapeutic coverage - SAC) 2021 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Western Africa Niger MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - SAC) 2013 - 2015 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf
Eastern Africa South Sudan MDA/PC rounds (Geographic coverage - Total population requiring treatment) 2013 - 2019 Download map png Download map pdf Download map png Download map pdf

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